[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_fullwidth_slider _builder_version=”4.19.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||234px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_slide heading=”Industrial Effluent Treatment” _builder_version=”4.19.0″ _module_preset=”default” header_font=”|700|||||||” header_font_size=”50px” body_font=”|600|||||||” body_font_size=”20px” background_enable_color=”off” background_image=”https://hwt.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Untitled-design-2022-10-26T151417.658.jpg” background_enable_image=”on” parallax=”on” parallax_method=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_transition=”on”][/et_pb_slide][/et_pb_fullwidth_slider][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px||0px||true|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” max_width=”100%” custom_padding=”0px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_divider color=”#04adef” divider_weight=”7px” _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” max_width=”2800%” module_alignment=”center” custom_margin=”0px||0px||true|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||true|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][/et_pb_divider][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px||0px||true|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” header_2_text_color=”#002353″ global_colors_info=”{}”]
Treatment Process
In most cases, industrial effluent is discharged to Municipal sewer. Local Municipalities issue discharge limits and in the main these limits are achievable. Industries located outside Municipal infrastructure need to ensure that discharge standards are within the DWA limits.
Limits that are difficult to achieve include COD and EC reduction.
For biodegradable effluents with high COD concentrations biological processes can be expensive and difficult to operate. In a food production facility frequent sanitizing procedures play havoc with treatment plants. At the moment biological processes are generally employed for reduction of biodegradable COD.
Industrial effluent is very site specific. In many cases we conduct lab scale trials before design and construction.
The holy grail of industrial effluent treatment is the recovery of a useful by-product. This could be in the form of precious metal precipitation, bio-fuel or protein.
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Industrial effluent treatment
Industrial effluent has generally been regarded as an unimportant and troublesome by-product of a manufacturing process. In a few cases, industrial effluents contain useful resources that can be viably recovered. In South Africa, industrial effluent discharge is ultimately regulated by the Department of Water Affairs and Sanitation (DWS). If an industry is located within a Municipal boundary, the industrial effluent will most likely find it’s way to the Municipal sewage treatment plant. Treated waters discharged from all sewage plants in South Africa are regulated by standards enforced by DWS. For industries located within Municipal boundaries, effluent is usually discharged to sewer. Traditionally Municipalities have imposed minimum discharge standards. These standards were primarily imposed to protect the sewage network. For example low pH was discouraged to prevent corrosion of cement pipes. A limit was imposed on suspended solids to prevent clogging of pipes. Flammable liquids are not allowed to be discharged for obvious reasons. Other standards, such as minimum COD limits are imposed to avoid over-burden of the local treatment works.
Due to public and environmental pressure, DWS has become stricter with Municipalities that do not meet minimum discharge criteria. As a consequence of this pressure, Municipalities have had to examine the capacities of their treatment plants, sewage networks and customers. Bye-laws are in place to ensure that Municipalities can recover treatment and piping costs from individual polluters. The Municipal bye-laws are becoming stricter, with South African industry facing unprecedented discharge fees.
Currently the discharge tariff for an industrial effluent situated in the Cape Town Metropole is calculated from the following formula;
Vw *(SVC) + Vie*T*[ (COD-1000)/1500 + Vie*(SF)]
Where
“Vw” is the total volume, expressed in kilolitres, of wastewater discharged from the premises during the period concerned.
“SVC” is the sewerage volumetric charge in terms of the sanitation tariff.
“Vie” is the total volume, expressed in kilolitres, of industrial effluent discharged from the premises during the period concerned.
“T” is the cost, as determined by the council, of treating 1 kilolitre of wastewater.
“COD” is the chemical oxygen demand of the effluent in milligrams per litre .
In the event of the COD being less than 1 000, the COD factor falls away.
“SF” is the surcharge factor of the effluent calculated according to the formula:
SF = (X-L)/L
Where
“X” is the concentration of one or more of the parameters listed in Schedule 2.
“L” is the limit applicable to that particular parameter.
Municipalities throughout South Africa have adopted similar discharge tariffs. From the equation above it can be seen that industrial effluent disposal costs increase when COD concentrations are measured above 1000 mg/l.
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Radio-active effluent near Eerste Rivier
Industrial effluent treatment plant. Unit processes include;
- filtration
- removal of radio-active particles
- process control
Treated effluent safely disposed.
Commissioned in 2022
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Specialty foods production near Ceres
At Source effluent treatment plant. Unit processes include;
- high COD removal
- Ammonia reduction
- Nitrate and phosphate removal
- Disinfection
Treated effluent used for irrigation.
Commissioned in 2014.
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Cecil Vinegar
pH stabilization and COD reduction
Commissioned 2014
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Paarman’s Foods
FOG and COD reduction 120 kl/d
pH neutralization
Installed 2013
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Collotype
Industrial label printing facility.
Partial re-use of effluent
Installed 2013
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McAdams
Metal Plating, Blackheath, Cape Town
Commissioned in 2011
Municipal Requirements
Flow Rate = 6 Kl/d
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Dewcrisp
Fresh produce effluent, Stellenbosch, Cape Town
Commissioned in 2011
DWAF Irrigation Standards
Flow Rate = 50 Kl/d
[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https://hwt.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2-17.jpg” alt=”Three Streams Hatchery” _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” box_shadow_style=”preset2″ global_colors_info=”{}”][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]
Three Streams Hatchery
Fish processing effluent, Franschoek, Cape Town
Commissioned in 2010
High COD and suspended solids removal
DWAF Irrigation Standards
Flow Rate = 80 Kl/d
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Simba
Potato chip producer, Parow, Cape Town
Commissioned in 2007
Reduction of sand particles from potato wash water
[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https://hwt.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/4-10.jpg” alt=”Tiger Brands” _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” box_shadow_style=”preset2″ global_colors_info=”{}”][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]
Tiger Brands
Manufacturer of juice products, Salt River, Cape Town
Commissioned in 2003
Effluent comprises biodegradable juices.
High and low pH neutralization.
Reduction of COD
[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https://hwt.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/5-8.jpg” alt=”Medallion” _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” box_shadow_style=”preset2″ global_colors_info=”{}”][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]
Medallion
Mushroom farming, Stellenbosch
Commissioned in 2002
Reduction of COD
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Levi Straus
Clothing manufacturer, Epping, Cape Town
Commissioned in 1999
Effluent comprises dyes and suspended solids.
[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https://hwt.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Untitled-design-2022-10-27T094549.896.jpg” alt=”Prac Pack” _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” box_shadow_style=”preset2″ global_colors_info=”{}”][/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]
Prac Pack
Plastic recycling facility, Parow, Cape Town
Commissioned in 1997
High COD and suspended solids removal
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